Event Listening
Listen by Use of an Event Listener
Event Listener
An event listener is a class implementing
. For example,
public class MyListener implements EventListener {
public void onEvent(Event event) {
Messagebox.show("Hello");
}
}
Then, you can register an event listener to the component that might receive the event by the use of
. For example,
button.addEventListener("onClick", new MyListener());
This is a typical approach to handle events. However, it is a bit tedious to register event listeners one-by-one if there are a lot of listeners. Rather, it is suggested to use a composer as described in the following section.
Composer and Event Listener Autowiring
With ZK Developer’s Reference/MVC, you generally do not need to register event listeners manually. Rather, they can be registered automatically by the use of the auto-wiring feature of a composer. For example,
public class MyComposer extends SelectorComposer {
@Listen("onClick = button#hi")
public void showHi() {
Messsagebox.show("Hello");
}
@Listen("onClick = button#bye")
public void showBye() {
Messsagebox.show("Bye");
}
@Listen("onOK = window#mywin")
public void onOK() {
Messsagebox.show("OK pressed");
}
}
As shown above, the method to listen is annotated with the
org.zkoss.zk.ui.select.annotation.Listen annotation
using the event name followed by a selector string identifying the
component(s) (for more selector syntax examples see
org.zkoss.zk.ui.select.SelectorComposer). The
composer will register each annotated method as an event listener to the
selected component automatically in the same ID space.
Then, in the ZUL page, you can specify the apply attribute to
associate the composer with a component.
<window id="mywin" apply="MyComposer">
<textbox/>
<button id="hi"/>
<button id="bye"/>
</window>
If the listener needs to access the event, just declare it as the argument:
@Listen("onClick = button#hi")
public void showHi(MouseEvent event) {
Messsagebox.show("Hello, " + event.getName());
}
Though not limited, a composer is usually associated with an ID space (such as org.zkoss.zul.Window) to handle events and components within the given ID space. You could associate any component that properly represents a scope of your application to manage.
For more information please refer to the Wire Event Listeners section.
Deferrable Event Listeners
By default, events are sent to the server when it is fired at the client. However, many event listeners are just used to maintain the status on the server, rather than providing visual responses to the user. In other words, there is no need to send the events for these listeners immediately. Rather, they shall be sent at once to minimize the traffic between the client and the server so as to improve the server’s performance. For the sake of convenience, we call them the deferrable event listeners.
To make an event listener deferrable, you have to implement
(with EventListener) and return true for the isDeferrable method as
follows.
public class DeferrableListener implements EventListener, Deferrable {
private boolean _modified;
public void onEvent(Event event) {
_modified = true;
}
public boolean isDeferrable() {
return true;
}
}
When an event is fired at the client (e.g., the user selects a list item), ZK won’t send the event if no event listener is registered for it or only deferrable listeners are registered. Instead, the event is queued at the client.
On the other hand, if at least one non-deferrable listener is registered, the event will be sent immediately with all queued events to the server at once. No event is lost and the arriving order is preserved.
Tip: Use the deferrable listeners for maintaining the server status, while the non-deferrable listeners for providing the visual responses for the user.
Page-level Event Listener
Developers could add event listeners to a page
(
. Once added, all events of the specified name sent to any components of the specified page will be sent to the listener.
All event listeners added to a page (so-called page-level event listeners) are assumed to be deferrable, no matter if
is implemented or not.
A typical example is to use a page-level event listener to maintain the modification flag as follows (pseudo code).
page.addEventListener("onChange", new EventListener() {
public void onEvent(Event event) {
modified = true;
}
});
Listen by the use of an Event Handler
An event handler is a method specified as an event attribute of a ZK page or as a member of a component class.
Declare an Event Handler in ZUML
An event handler can be declared in a ZUL page by specifying an event attribute1. For example,
<button label="hi" onClick='alert("Hello")'/>
where the content of the event handler is the code snippet in Java. The event handler will be interpreted at run time (by use of BeanShell). If you prefer to use another language, you could specify the language name in front of it. For example, the following uses Groovy as the interpreter:
<button label="hi" onClick="groovy:alert('Hi, Groovy')"/>
Important Builtin Variables
- self - the component receiving the event. In the previous example, it is the button itself.
- event - the event being received. In the previous example, it is an instance of org.zkoss.zk.ui.event.MouseEvent.
Notice that the event handler declared in this way is interpreted at run time, so it inherits all advantages and disadvantages of interpreter-based execution.
Advantages:
- It can be changed on the fly without recompiling and reloading the application.
- Easy to maintain if the code snippet is small.
Disadvantages:
- Slower to run.
- Compilation errors can not be known in advance.
- Hard to maintain if mixing business logic with user interface.
Suggestion:
- It is generally suggested to use this approach for 1) prototyping, or 2) simple event handling.
Declare an Event Handler in Java
The other way to have an event handler is to declare it as a member of a component class. For example,
public class MyButton extends Button {
public void onClick() {
Messagebox.show("Hello");
}
}
If the event handler needs to handle the event, it can declare the event as the argument as follows.
public class MyButton extends Button {
public void onClick(MouseEvent event) {
Messagebox.show("Hello, "+event.getName());
}
}
Suggestions:
- It is suggested to use this approach for component development, since it is subtle for application developers to notice its existence. In addition, it requires to extend the component class.
Precedence of Listeners
The order of precedence for listeners from the highest to the lowest is as follows.
- Event listeners implemented with
org.zkoss.zk.ui.event.Express , and registered by
org.zkoss.zk.ui.Component - Event handlers defined in a ZUML document
- Event listeners registered by
org.zkoss.zk.ui.Component (and without
org.zkoss.zk.ui.event.Express )
- It includes the method of a composer wired by org.zkoss.zk.ui.util.GenericForwardComposer because the event listener is used.
- Event handlers defined as a class’s method
- Event listeners registered to a page by
org.zkoss.zk.ui.Page
Abort the Invocation Sequence
You could abort the calling sequence by calling
. Once one of the event listeners invokes this method, all the following event handlers and listeners are ignored.
Version History
| Version | Date | Content |
|---|---|---|
| 5.0.6 | November 2010 |
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An event attribute is an attribute starting with
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